do other governments ever shut down? seems more like a failed state thing than anything
plenty of parliaments have gridlock and brinkmanship over budgets and the like but it seems uncommon to literally stop paying people for as long and as frequently as the US has in the past few years.
1) in modern parliamentary systems where the executive arises from the legislature, a “loss of supply” typically dissolves the government and starts the procedure for constituting a new regime
2) in olden times the King would pay for day-to-day budget out of the rents on the land he owns (i.e. all of it), Parliament would consider taxes above that for special purposes, i.e. war/conquest/defense or economic development that would eventually pay for itself, he could just not summon the legislature for a while and do without if they were at odds
3) in the American “Presidential System” things just stumble along, a dissolution mechanism would essentially become a situation where any branch could exercise a liberum veto against the others. This polycentric sovereignty is why the Presidential system is considered unstable and tending towards civil war, which was the same dynamic that ultimately turned 2) into 1) eventually